How does the connection of starting winding and running winding of AC motor work? Know the detailed explanation of capacitor, phase shift.
Focus Keywords:
- What is starting winding
- What is 50-60Hz
- Work of running winding
- Connection of motor winding
- Role of capacitor in AC motor
- Phase difference in motor
Relation between running and starting winding
Why does current not flow together in motor winding?
The most important thing is that whenever we start any AC motor, then current does not flow together in both running coil and starting coil winding, why does it not happen?
Running winding gets current from direct line, while starting winding is connected through capacitor, which creates a slight difference in phase, why it happens, let us understand this.
Running and Starting | Role of capacitor and Phase Shifting
Starting winding is connected through capacitor. This capacitor creates a 90-degree difference in the phase of current which we call phase shift.
Due to this shift, the rotor inside the motor stator rotates in one direction. Without it, the rotor will only move but will not rotate.
Neutral Position and Alternating Phase, AC 50-60Hz.
What is a 50-60Hz
The full form of Hz is “Hertz”
This name is named after German scientist Heinrich Hertz, who first proved electromagnetic waves.
If a signal, wave or current is repeating 50 times in a second, then its frequency will be 50 Hz.
When we talk about AC current (like home fan, motor, fridge), then Hz means how many times the current changes its direction in a second.
Frequency Meaning
- 50 Hz Current reverses 50 times in 1 second
- 60 Hz Current reverses 60 times in 1 second
Which countries use it?
- India 50 Hz
- USA 60 Hz
- Japan 50 Hz & 60 Hz both in different regions
AC current changes 50 – 60 times every second. This is why sometimes the running coil is in neutral and sometimes the starting coil. When there is current in the running coil, the starting coil is in neutral, and when there is current in the starting, the running coil is in neutral. This alternating phase gives continuous torque to the rotor.
Disconnecting the Centrifugal Switch and Starting Coil When the motor speed reaches full RPM (Revolutions Per Minute), the starting coil winding is removed from the circuit by means of a centrifugal switch.
- But in some motors this winding works continuously, especially in fan-type motors. This depends on the design of the motor.
Technical Explanation Starting and Running
How is the phase difference formed in AC Motors? Starting and running
The phase difference is formed due to the capacitor.
The starting to be winding is in series with the capacitor due to which its current is phase-matched, and there is a time delay in comparison with the current of the running winding.
This delay creates a rotating magnetic field inside the motor.
What is Reverse Rotation?
If the wire connection is wrong or the capacitor connection polarity changes, the rotor can rotate in the reverse direction as well.
That is why correct wire SWG (Standard Wire Gauge) and capacitor wire conection time are very important, keep this in mind after winding.
How the motor coil is winding is given step by step 12 slot ceiling fan winding, if you want then please read it.
Conclusion
The working of an electric motor may seem quite technical. But an AC motor starts only when the current of the starting winding flows in the correct phase with the running winding.
The capacitor acts as a bridge in this which creates a phase shift.
When the motor attains full speed, the centrifugal switch removes the starting winding.
This whole process is crucial for the efficiency and direction of the motor.
If you are doing motor repair, motor coil winding or capacitor fitting, it is important to understand when and how a motor coil winding is activated. Thank you for reading the full article.
This whole process is crucial for the efficiency and direction of the motor.
